Retinoblastoma Eye Surgery In India At Affordable Low Cost Eye Surgery
Retinoblastoma Eye Surgery
Retinoblastoma(Rb) is a cancer of the retina. Retinoblastoma is the most common primary ocular malignancy of childhood. Although this disorder can occur at any age, it usually develops in young children. Most cases of retinoblastoma occur in only one eye, but both eyes can be affected. Untreated, retinoblastoma is almost always fatal, hence the importance of early diagnosis and treatment.
Retinoblastoma is related to chromosome 13. Retinoblastoma occurs when a cell of the growing retina develops a mutation in the RB gene (a tumor-suppressor gene). This mutation causes the cell to grow out of control and become cancerous.
Mutations in the RB1 gene are inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, which means that one copy of the altered gene in each cell is sufficient to increase cancer risk. A person with retinoblastoma may inherit an altered copy of the gene from one parent, or the altered gene may be the result of a new mutation.
There are three ways that cancer spreads in the body
- Through tissue. Cancer invades the surrounding normal tissue.
- Through the lymph system. Cancer invades the lymph system and travels through the lymph vessels to other places in the body.
- Through the blood. Cancer invades the veins and capillaries and travels through the blood to other places in the body...
What causes retinoblastoma ?
In children with the genetic, ie the inheritable form of retinoblastoma, we know that there is something wrong with a small piece of the genetic material on chromosome 13, called the RB1 gene. Chromosomes contain the genetic codes which control the way cells grow and develop, and when a portion of the chromosome is missing or one of the genetic codes is altered in some way, which is known as a mutation, a cancer may develop...
Diagnosis
More than 75% of children with retinoblastoma are first noted to have a 'white-pupil' (which the doctors call leukocoria), or poorly aligned eyes (which the doctors call strabismus), or a red and painful eye (usually due to glaucoma). Other eye diseases which can cause these symptoms include congenital cataract, Toxocara canis, Coat's disease, and persistent hypertrophic primary vitreous (PHPV)...
Treatments
Retinoblastoma treatment typically requires the cooperation of an ophthalmic oncologist, pediatric oncologist, and radiation therapist. Over the last 30 years, treatment has evolved from simple enucleation (removal of the eye), to eye-sparing radiotherapy, and more recently to chemotherapy-based multi-modality therapy (for selected cases)...
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